{"id":73610,"date":"2024-11-18T14:43:50","date_gmt":"2024-11-18T13:43:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/euronews.al\/en\/?p=73610"},"modified":"2024-11-18T15:01:10","modified_gmt":"2024-11-18T14:01:10","slug":"depopulation-series-analyzes-factors-of-the-albanian-shrinking-population","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/euronews.al\/en\/depopulation-series-analyzes-factors-of-the-albanian-shrinking-population\/","title":{"rendered":"&#8220;Depopulation&#8221; series analyzes factors of the Albanian shrinking population"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span class=\"s2\">Immigration and <\/span><span class=\"s2\">fertility<\/span><span class=\"s2\"> rate<\/span><span class=\"s2\"> &#8211;<\/span><span class=\"s2\"> the two main reasons why <\/span><span class=\"s2\">numbers <\/span><span class=\"s2\">are declining.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"s3\">Albanians are immigrating in considerable, women are giving birth to fewer children, older persons are living longer, the population is aging and shrinking. The population of Albania decreases every hour by 4 inhabitants. In one day we are 91 less Albanians, while in a year we decrease by an average of 33 thousand inhabitants. There are several reasons why we got here, but two are the most important: immigration and decrease in the fertility rate. In the &#8220;Depopulation&#8221; television series that started its broadcasting on Euronews Albania this Saturday, experts and representatives from UNFPA Albania office emphasized the importance of looking into these figures beyond the cold reporting of statistics, at the level of analysis and proposals for short-term and long-term policies.<\/p>\n<p class=\"s3\">The Head of UNFPA Albania office, Dr. Manuela Bello emphasized that UNFPA, in all policy or strategy development, is always guided by the human rights principles. She also emphasized that the real issue is not that people move from thevillage to a city, or from a country to another; the issue is not that the number of older persons is increasing, or that the fertility rate has decreased. What is important for us to focus on is analyze, be able to understand these dynamics in population shifts, anticipate changes and create appropriate skills and capacities to mitigate and cope with these demographic changes today and in the future.<\/p>\n<p class=\"s3\">The figures show that, after the 90s, the population of Albania fell drastically from 3.2 million to 2.4 million. In the first years after establishment of democracy, the only factor that affected the population decrease was immigration. According to INSTAT data, Albania counts an average of 50,000 people who immigrate in a year. Today, there are as many Albanians in Albania as they have immigrated, 2.4 million people.<\/p>\n<p class=\"s3\">Before the 90s, the immigration factor was zero. Therefore, the population knew only growth, adding here also the baby boom promoted by the policies of the communist era to increase the population. But everything turned upside down when the system changed.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-73611\" src=\"https:\/\/euronews.al\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/IMG_7414.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1031\" height=\"576\" srcset=\"https:\/\/euronews.al\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/IMG_7414.jpeg 1031w, https:\/\/euronews.al\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/IMG_7414-300x168.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/euronews.al\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/IMG_7414-1024x572.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/euronews.al\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/IMG_7414-768x429.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/euronews.al\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/IMG_7414-150x84.jpeg 150w, https:\/\/euronews.al\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/IMG_7414-696x389.jpeg 696w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1031px) 100vw, 1031px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Arjan Gjon\u00e7a, Demographer and Professor at the London School of Economics, says that the decline in fertility is in the sametrajectory as the other countries in the world. What is worrying him is the unprecedented immigration. Gjonca declares:<\/p>\n<p class=\"s3\"><span class=\"s2\">&#8220;<\/span><span class=\"s2\">Im<\/span><span class=\"s2\">migration has not decreased at all, that is, in the last decade, people have <\/span><span class=\"s2\">im<\/span><span class=\"s2\">migrated, if you look at the numbers<\/span><span class=\"s2\">,<\/span><span class=\"s2\">around<\/span><span class=\"s2\"> 48,000 <\/span><span class=\"s2\">people <\/span><span class=\"s2\">per year, compared to the previous decade. So<\/span><span class=\"s2\">,<\/span><span class=\"s2\"> we continue to <\/span><span class=\"s2\">im<\/span><span class=\"s2\">migrate at the same rate. There are many theories to explain <\/span><span class=\"s2\">im<\/span><span class=\"s2\">migration, but I will focus on the one that is mentioned most often<\/span><span class=\"s2\">: <\/span><span class=\"s2\">they have no <\/span><span class=\"s2\">means<\/span><span class=\"s2\"> to live. We have the theory of push factors and pull factors. If until 2011 or 2015 the driving factors were stronger, i<\/span><span class=\"s2\">.<\/span><span class=\"s2\">e<\/span><span class=\"s2\">.<\/span><span class=\"s2\"> there was a higher level of poverty, <\/span><span class=\"s2\">now <\/span><span class=\"s2\">we are not looking at an absolute poverty level. We see great social inequalit<\/span><span class=\"s2\">ies<\/span><span class=\"s2\">, but we do not see, for example, the lack of job<\/span><span class=\"s2\">s<\/span><span class=\"s2\">, <\/span><span class=\"s2\">or <\/span><span class=\"s2\">lack of <\/span><span class=\"s2\">good living<\/span><span class=\"s2\"> economic condition<\/span><span class=\"s2\">s<\/span><span class=\"s2\">. What we <\/span><span class=\"s2\">are <\/span><span class=\"s2\">look<\/span><span class=\"s2\">ing<\/span><span class=\"s2\"> at are attractive factors, factors that make people want a better life and <\/span><span class=\"s2\">they want to enjoy<\/span><span class=\"s2\"> this right.&#8221;<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"s3\">On the other hand, even the low fertility rate has done its job in changing the pyramid of the Albanian population. In the 1960s we had a high birth rate, 7 children per woman. As the years passed after the 90s, the number of births per woman decreased, until it went from 3.2 to 1.65 in 2011, to 1.32 in 2021 and finallyto 1.2 in 2023.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-73612\" src=\"https:\/\/euronews.al\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/IMG_7415.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1201\" height=\"660\" srcset=\"https:\/\/euronews.al\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/IMG_7415.jpeg 1201w, https:\/\/euronews.al\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/IMG_7415-300x165.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/euronews.al\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/IMG_7415-1024x563.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/euronews.al\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/IMG_7415-768x422.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/euronews.al\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/IMG_7415-150x82.jpeg 150w, https:\/\/euronews.al\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/IMG_7415-696x382.jpeg 696w, https:\/\/euronews.al\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/IMG_7415-1068x587.jpeg 1068w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1201px) 100vw, 1201px\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"s3\">This concern was also raised in the studio of &#8220;Depopulation&#8221; series by the sociologist G\u00ebzim Tushe.<\/p>\n<p class=\"s3\"><span class=\"s2\">&#8220;We have the highest rates of population aging in Europe. We can be compared with Portugal, with Spain with some other European countries because of the <\/span><span class=\"s2\">rhythm<\/span><span class=\"s2\">. Why? Because 33 years ago we were the youngest population in Europe with an average of 27 years and now we have reached <\/span><span class=\"s2\">to an average of <\/span><span class=\"s2\">38 years old, when the upper limit has reached 42 years in France etc. In 30 years, the rates of aging are extraordinary. We had 1,450,000 school-age children in the 90s, today we have 400,000.&#8221;<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"s3\">Emira Galanxhi, demographer and statistician, speaking about the immigration figures, made this comment:<\/p>\n<p class=\"s3\"><span class=\"s2\">&#8220;Parents, thinking that their children can be better educated abroad, prepare them <\/span><span class=\"s2\">for this <\/span><span class=\"s2\">from the time they are in <\/span><span class=\"s2\">the <\/span><span class=\"s2\">9th grade <\/span><span class=\"s2\">to le<\/span><span class=\"s2\">arn <\/span><span class=\"s2\">and<\/span><span class=\"s2\"> get good grades to <\/span><span class=\"s2\">go and <\/span><span class=\"s2\">be educated abroad. It is a kind of <\/span><span class=\"s2\">wishful<\/span><span class=\"s2\"> planning. As far as immigration is concerned, everyone wants to be free. Until <\/span><span class=\"s2\">the <\/span><span class=\"s2\">90<\/span><span class=\"s2\">s<\/span><span class=\"s2\"> we were all closed<\/span><span class=\"s2\"> in<\/span><span class=\"s2\">. With the <\/span><span class=\"s2\">establishment<\/span><span class=\"s2\"> of democracy, everyone <\/span><span class=\"s2\">wanted to<\/span><span class=\"s2\"> move and <\/span><span class=\"s2\">liv<\/span><span class=\"s2\">e<\/span><span class=\"s2\"> where they wanted. Today<\/span><span class=\"s2\"> young people<\/span><span class=\"s2\">, let<\/span><span class=\"s2\"> u<\/span><span class=\"s2\">s say it openly, <\/span><span class=\"s2\">do not like to work in villages <\/span><span class=\"s2\">in the countryside, so they first come to the city, then <\/span><span class=\"s2\">they <\/span><span class=\"s2\">find their own ways to get out<\/span><span class=\"s2\"> of the country<\/span><span class=\"s2\">.&#8221;<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"s3\">Looking back over the years, the absolute number of births has been declining decade after decade. From 53 thousand births in 2001, to 34 thousand in 2011. Low, but favorable for population growth, as long as the number of deaths was at levels of about 20 thousand deaths per year. This produced a positive result for population growth. History changed in 2020-2021, when the number of deaths exceeded births, 30 thousand deaths per year. A turning point marked 2023, when births were 2 thousand more than deaths. A good sign, but still not enough for the demographic changes. What we are talking about are not just numbers spread over the years. We shall explain why: a child missing at birth in 2011 would now be a 13-year-old who, within a few years, would be back in the active workforce. Yes, there are at least 7,000 such missing births in the period from 2011 to 2021. And, while they are missing from the population pyramid, this is not the case with the older persons. In Albania, the percentage of people over 65 years is growing very fast and, likewise, the average life expectancy continues to increase to over 80 years.<\/p>\n<p class=\"s3\">Therefore, according to UNFPA, it is very important to take measures in this direction. The Head of UNFPA Albania Office, Dr. Manuela Bello made this summary of the interventions to be undertaken.<\/p>\n<p class=\"s3\"><span class=\"s2\">&#8220;There can be no policies that we can <\/span><span class=\"s2\">just<\/span><span class=\"s2\"> copy from a certain country to implement in our country, there can be no repressive policies that tell us to do one, two, three, <\/span><span class=\"s2\">or <\/span><span class=\"s2\">four things the world has done to make what we want happen. If we want to increase fertility, we must first <\/span><span class=\"s2\">ensure<\/span><span class=\"s2\"> that women and men <\/span><span class=\"s2\">are<\/span><span class=\"s2\"> given the opportunity to have jobs that <\/span><span class=\"s2\">allow them <\/span><span class=\"s2\">flexi<\/span><span class=\"s2\">-time<\/span><span class=\"s2\">, not be forced to <\/span><span class=\"s2\">work<\/span><span class=\"s2\"> 8 or 10 hours<\/span><span class=\"s2\"> on end<\/span><span class=\"s2\"> and no work-life balance<\/span><span class=\"s2\">. At the same time, they should be provided with a salary that will enable them to create a family, but also to maintain it, <\/span><span class=\"s2\">from the provision <\/span><span class=\"s2\">of <\/span><span class=\"s2\">hous<\/span><span class=\"s2\">ing<\/span><span class=\"s2\">,<\/span><span class=\"s2\">to services for <\/span><span class=\"s2\">kindergarten or <\/span><span class=\"s2\">day care.<\/span> <span class=\"s2\">B<\/span><span class=\"s2\">ut <\/span><span class=\"s2\">there should also be some provision to pay <\/span><span class=\"s2\">the grandfather or grandmother who take care of <\/span><span class=\"s2\">the<\/span><span class=\"s2\"> child<\/span><span class=\"s2\">ren<\/span><span class=\"s2\">.&#8221;<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"s3\">If the number of the general population, children, adolescents and people of working age decreases rapidly, the increase in the number of older persons will be intense during the first two decades. Their share of the total population is likely to increase steadily from 15.2% at the end of 2020 to almost 29% in 2050.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Immigration and fertility rate &#8211; the two main reasons why numbers are declining. Albanians are immigrating in considerable, women are giving birth to fewer children, older persons are living longer, the population is aging and shrinking. The population of Albania decreases every hour by 4 inhabitants. In one day we are 91 less Albanians, while [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":73613,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[153,1803],"tags":[150,243,151],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>&quot;Depopulation&quot; series analyzes factors of the Albanian shrinking population - Euronews Albania<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/euronews.al\/en\/depopulation-series-analyzes-factors-of-the-albanian-shrinking-population\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"&quot;Depopulation&quot; series analyzes factors of the Albanian shrinking population - Euronews Albania\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Immigration and fertility rate &#8211; the two main reasons why numbers are declining. 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the two main reasons why numbers are declining. Albanians are immigrating in considerable, women are giving birth to fewer children, older persons are living longer, the population is aging and shrinking. The population of Albania decreases every hour by 4 inhabitants. 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